A solid-state relay is a four-terminal electronic device that allows the control of a high-power circuit using a low-power signal. Two of the terminals are used for the input, typically connected to a control voltage, while the other two serve as the output, connecting to the load. This type of relay provides electrical isolation between the input and output, ensuring safety and preventing interference between circuits.
Solid-state relays can be categorized based on the type of power supply they handle—either AC or DC. In terms of switching behavior, they can be either normally open (NO) or normally closed (NC), depending on their default state. Additionally, they can be classified by the method of isolation used, such as hybrid, transformer-based, or optically isolated. Among these, optical isolation is the most commonly used due to its reliability and noise immunity.
Another interesting type of relay is the thermal reed relay. This innovative device functions as a temperature-sensitive switch, utilizing materials that change magnetic properties with temperature. It consists of a temperature-sensitive magnetic ring, a permanent magnet ring, a reed switch, a thermally conductive base, and a plastic housing. Unlike traditional electromagnetic relays, it does not require an external coil to generate magnetic force. Instead, the permanent magnet provides the necessary magnetic field to activate the reed switch, which is controlled by the temperature-dependent behavior of the sensitive magnetic ring. This makes it ideal for applications where precise temperature control is required without the need for electrical excitation.
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