Metal processing online for the actual design process of a large CNC gantry machine spindle milling head, from the determination of the technical parameters of the milling head, the mechanical structure, the choice of transmission form, etc., briefly introduce the design method and process of the spindle milling head, examples to the actual The right angle spindle milling head is used as an example to discuss and analyze the design process, and provide some guiding ideas and methods for the structural design of the large CNC machine tool milling head.
1. The overall design of the spindle milling head
Firstly, according to the actual structural characteristics of the CNC machine tool and the specific structural form of the ram and the spindle, the overall design of the spindle milling head and the structural form of the milling head are planned as shown in Fig. 1. In this example, the spindle right angle milling head adopts a mechanical transmission structure. In the form of a right angle spindle milling head, the power transmitted from the main motor to the main shifting mechanism through the spline shaft is transmitted to the mechanical transmission form of the mechanical bevel gear, and the bevel gear shaft drives the tool clamping mechanism and the tool to rotate together to complete the machining of the workpiece. Compared with other forms of spindle milling heads, this mechanical transmission type spindle milling head has an irreplaceable advantage, and at the same time takes into account the dual requirements of high precision and heavy cutting, fully satisfying the technology of the large gantry machining center of this example. Parameter requirements.
Figure 1 Right angle milling head structure
1. Locating pin 2. Spline shaft 3, 5, 9. Cooling ring groove 4. Pull pin interface
6, 8. Bearing layout 7. Bevel gear transmission 10. Broach mechanism
2. The structure of the milling head
According to the structural form and basic parameters of the machine tool, mainly based on the key technical parameters of the spindle power, torque and speed (see Figure 2), determine the bearing form and layout of the spindle right-angle milling head, the form of the gear, and determine by relevant calculations. The technical parameters of the bearing and the gear, at the same time should take into account the positioning accuracy of the milling head during the movement process and repeat positioning accuracy and other technical indicators to determine the accuracy level of the bearing and gear. In the example, the horizontal bearing adopts the double-row ball bearing back-to-back layout. The bearing support distance of this layout is large, which greatly improves the rigidity of the milling head and provides structural guarantee for the heavy cutting of the milling head; the selection of the bevel gear makes the angle head 90° power Drive conversion becomes simple and feasible.
Figure 2 Spindle power torque
3. Structural optimization of spindle right angle milling head
Metal processing online tips: In addition to the main technical factors such as the overall scheme and structural form, the spindle right-angle milling head must meet the basic functions of the milling head, in order to ensure that the milling head can maintain high precision, stable and smooth operation, in the design process. It is also necessary to fully consider the form or method of the attachment function of the milling head and the ram, the loose clamping method, the cooling form, the bearing lubrication and the sealing. In this example, the milling head realizes reliable connection with the ram through the hydraulic power of the Latin mechanism. This method is reliable in connection and high in efficiency; the broach mechanism is tensioned by a Spring structure, the hydraulic power is loosened; the spline shaft and the periphery of the gear shaft are distributed. Cooling the annular groove, cooling the heat generated during the movement of the bearing and the gear, so that the milling head is kept at a constant temperature, thereby ensuring its geometric accuracy and motion accuracy; the bearing is grease-lubricated, and the peripheral sealing device seals it in a sealed cavity, so that The bearings are always in good working condition. Through the comprehensive consideration of all aspects of the spindle milling head, the structure and the way to realize the function are optimized to achieve the optimal and reasonable design. In the practical process, the milling head function, geometric precision, motion precision and stability are verified.
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