The sulfur content of the Glauber's salt (>20%) can stimulate the metabolism of livestock and poultry, promote the synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids, proteins and nucleic acids in the liver, and its absorption rate and biological potency are higher than other sulfates. Because of its wide range of sources, the price is low, and the effect is remarkable. It has been widely used as a protein fortifier in livestock and poultry production.
I. Application of Glauber's salt in livestock and poultry culture Sulphur is necessary for livestock and poultry and cannot be synthesized in the body. It can only be supplied from feed. Organic sulfur is mainly added in the form of methionine and cystine, but its dosage is limited due to its high price. The mineral sulfur has the highest bioavailability in the inorganic sulfur, and can be used as a source of sodium and sulfur in the feed, especially in increasing Na. The content of + can also avoid the simultaneous increase of Cl, which can significantly increase the daily gain, egg production rate, milk yield and hair production of livestock and poultry.
1. Adding certain mirabilite to the broiler feed can reduce the need for sulphur-containing amino acids in broilers and promote production. Reduce the protein content of the diet (2.3% lower than the recommended standard). When the content of lysine and methionine is balanced, the addition of thenardite has no effect on productivity; but when the sulfur-containing amino acid is insufficient (lack of 14-15%), add 0.5% thenardite is beneficial to the improvement of chicken productivity. The diet was supplemented with 0.25% of mirabilite for 60 days, and the daily gain was increased by 14.5%. The addition of 0.5% was effective for prevention and treatment, and it was effective after 3 to 5 days (Tian Yunbo, 1996).
2. Adding proper amount of thenardite to the laying hens of laying hens not only improves the rate of egg production and feed conversion, but also significantly improves economic benefits. Wang Yingbo reported that 0.3% Glauber's salt was added to the diet, and the egg production, egg production rate and egg volume increased by 0.3%, 0.5%, 2.4% and 3.7%, respectively, and the economic benefit increased by about 10%. 0.3%, 0.7% and 0.9% of Glauber's salt were added to Hailan brown commercial hens, with 0.5% effect being the best. The egg production rate and average egg weight increased by 14.33% and 2.2%, respectively. Egg rate and mortality decreased by 20.6%, 0.9% and 0.31% respectively (Li Kainian et al., 1996). Ma Yusheng et al. (1996) added 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% to the roman egg material. The results showed that the best effect was 0.3%, the egg production rate was increased by 9.2%, and the egg-to-egg ratio was reduced by 6.7%. Tian Yunbo (1996) reported that 0.5% Glauber's salt was added to the diet of laying hens, and the egg production rate was increased by 10%. 1% Glauber's salt was added to the diet of the chickens with very serious anus and sputum feathers. After 3 days, it was effective, 5-6d. That is to stop the feathers, after 15-20d, the feathers grow new feathers, and then changed to 0.5%, the egg production rate is as high as 85%, which is 12.5% ​​higher than before use. Sun Yanming et al (1997) reported that adding a proper amount of thenardite (0.05%) in drinking water in summer is effective, and the egg production rate is increased by 6.4%. It may be that the high temperature causes the chicken to eat less and the nutrient intake is insufficient. , can fully play its role as a feed protein enhancer. However, the addition of thenardite to the compound feed in which the protein and the sulfur-containing amino acid are balanced will result in a decrease in the egg production rate and thus will be ineffective.
3. Adding proper amount of thenardite to the egg, duck and duck can improve the egg production rate, feed remuneration and economic benefits. Li Rong et al (1997) added 0.27%, 0.55% and 0.82% thenardite to the feed, and the egg production rate increased by 5.1%, 7.8% and 5.8%, respectively. The ratio of feed to eggs decreased by 2.39%, 5.82% and 2.05%, respectively. The benefits increased by 9.4%, 16.8% and 3.3% respectively. It can be seen that the best effect is achieved with 0.55% added.
4. The fattening pigs added 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% of thenardite to the finishing pig diet, with the best effect of 0.6%, and the weight gain rate, feed conversion rate and economic benefit increased by 23%, 18.7% and 87.8 respectively. % (Tian Yunbo, 1996). Zhang Da confirmed that the addition of 0.4-0.6% Glauber's salt to the pig diet increased the daily increment, feed conversion rate and economic benefit, and the pigs were less ill, the fur was smooth and the appetite was strong. Pi Shouxiang et al. (1997) added 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% to the fattening pig feed, and the average daily increment increased by 13.87%, 16.29%, and 9.76%, respectively. The feed-to-meat ratio was 3.31, 3.24, and 3.50, respectively. The rates were increased by 5.91%, 7.96% and 5.68%, respectively. The three groups had no difference in the slaughter rate, backfat thickness, skin thickness and eye muscle area with the control pigs, but the pre-slaughter weight, fasting weight, and weight 3 The indicators were higher than the control group, with the best effect of 0.4% and 0.6%, and the body weight increased by 14.27% and 15.31%. 5. Cows add 0.46%-0.6% inorganic sulfur to the high-fiber diet, which can improve the digestibility of the diet in the body. The apparent digestibility of dry matter organic matter, acid detergent fiber and crude protein increases linearly in the rumen. The number of fungi also increases (Weston et al., 1988; Gordon et al., 1995). Adding 0.2%, 0.8%, and 1.0% of thenardite to dairy cow diets, with the best effect of 0.8%, increased milk yield, feed, remuneration, and economic income by 1.26%, 12.4%, and 20.8%, respectively. Ukrainian scholars have confirmed that the addition of Glauber's salt to the cow's feed is 3g/d, and the average milk yield is increased by 1.38kg/d. Pi Shouxiang et al. (1997) added 0.4% and 0.8% of mirabilite to cows for 60 days, and the daily milk yield increased by 12.73% (P<0.01) and 4.6% (P>0.05), milk fat percentage. There is a slight increase in the amount of addition. When the level of sulfur in the cow diet is low, the amount of sulfur in the body is significantly reduced, resulting in a negative balance of sulfur; when the sulfur in the feed accounts for 0.15-0.20% of the dry matter, the digestibility of the dry matter can be increased by 65-71%. Qi et al. (1993) believed that when combined with urea, the weight gain effect was very significant, and when the sulfur content accounted for 0.22% of the dry matter of the diet (the ratio of nitrogen to sulfur was 10:1), the daily weight gain of the lamb was the highest.
Second, the amount of , safety and precautions for use
1. When using the Glauber's salt as an additive, the appropriate dosage should be selected according to the type of feed, livestock and so on. It should not be used more, otherwise it will cause harm. The general dosage is controlled within 1%. Chickens are 0.5%; laying hens are 0.3-0.5%; ducks are 0.5%; fattening pigs are 0.6%; cows are 0.8%.
2, the safety of the addition of thenardite also has a safety problem, should prevent excessive addition and cause poisoning. When the dosage exceeds 1% to reach about 3%. Excessive sulfur is converted into hydrogen sulfide by rumen bacteria in the rumen. It is more easily absorbed by the rumen wall than ammonia. After absorption, it inhibits catalase, peroxidase, dopa oxidase, dehydrogenase, and carbonic acid dehydratase. And dipeptidase, which affects oxidative metabolism. In addition, sulfide has a direct paralysis effect on the arterial body; sulfide combined with hemoglobin to produce thiohemoglobin, reducing blood oxygen load capacity, can cause severe breathing difficulties, that is, poisoning.
3. Precautions When adding added mirabilite, it should be evenly mixed to prevent excessive local content. The prepared feed should be stored in a cool, ventilated place and used up in a short time. The amount is converted into: lg Glauber's salt (Na2SO4.10H2O) is equivalent to 0.44 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate; lg anhydrous sodium sulfate is equivalent to 2.27 g of Glauber's salt. Under normal circumstances, livestock and poultry are not prone to sulfur deficiency, and various protein feeds are important sources of sulfur for livestock and poultry. However, a small amount of inorganic sulfur (0.4% to 0.5% of Glauber's salt) is added to livestock and poultry diets, especially when the dietary protein level is too low, mainly plant protein, and when sulfur-containing amino acids are scarce, it is beneficial to add thenardite. China has abundant resources of thenardite, especially in the northwest, north China, northeast and other places, low cost, convenient use, high efficiency, and the consideration of pollution and environmental pollution, as a feed additive has broad application prospects.
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