Pesticides come in various formulations, and understanding the differences between emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, and suspensions is essential for effective and safe application. According to China Pesticide Network, each formulation has its own advantages and best use scenarios.
Emulsifiable concentrates (EC) generally offer higher efficacy compared to wettable powders (WP) and suspensions (SC). When choosing a formulation with the same active ingredient, EC is often the preferred option due to its superior performance. However, it's important to note that EC contains organic solvents, which may not be ideal for all applications.
For foliar fungicides, oil-based formulations are typically less effective because they do not penetrate plant surfaces as well. In such cases, a suspension or wettable powder is more suitable. For herbicides applied to leaves, the presence of a waxy layer on weed surfaces can make it difficult for some formulations to adhere. In these situations, emulsifiable concentrates, microemulsions, or suspensions are better choices.
Herbicides designed for soil application, such as granules, are commonly used in paddy fields or other soil environments. These formulations are more suitable for targeting weeds growing in the ground rather than on foliage.
Suspension concentrates (SC) are an alternative to emulsifiable concentrates and rank second in performance, but they outperform wettable powders. SC formulations contain various additives that help the pesticide adhere better to plant surfaces, enhancing effectiveness. Compared to ECs, thick emulsions and microemulsions use fewer or no organic solvents, making them safer for both users and the environment. However, they tend to be more expensive to produce and thus cost more.
When applying pesticides in hot weather, oil-based emulsifications can increase the risk of toxicity. To reduce this risk, it’s advisable to choose water-based formulations like wettable powders, suspoemulsions, soluble powders, or water-dispersible granules.
It's also worth noting that in China, the same active ingredient may be available in different formulations and concentrations. When purchasing, it's recommended to go for higher concentration products, as they can reduce overall usage costs while maintaining effectiveness.
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