For many decades, China has been actively involved in wood modification efforts alongside numerous countries worldwide, with a particular focus on improving the properties of artificial fast-growing and high-yield wood. Among various modification techniques, the integration of wood with ceramic materials has emerged as a promising and widely studied approach. Wood is a natural, anisotropic, porous, and fibrous organic polymer composed primarily of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Its unique microstructure plays a critical role in determining its mechanical and chemical behavior.
Cellulose, the main component of the wood cell wall, significantly influences the physical and chemical properties of wood. As a polysaccharide made up of glucose units, it contains multiple hydroxyl groups—each glucose unit has three hydroxyl groups, making them highly reactive functional groups. This reactivity has led to numerous modification strategies that target cellulose directly. The fibers within wood are predominantly aligned along the longitudinal axis, forming strong bonds such as covalent and hydrogen bonds. These bonds contribute to the high tensile and compressive strength of wood in the longitudinal direction. However, in the radial and tangential directions, the fiber distribution is sparse, and the primary bonding forces are weaker, such as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. This leads to lower mechanical strength in those directions and makes wood more prone to splitting or cracking along the length.
The anisotropy of wood is closely related to the directional arrangement of its fibers. In essence, the properties of cellulose dictate the macroscopic characteristics of wood. Therefore, disciplines like wood science, wood chemistry, and cellulose chemistry serve as foundational knowledge for wood modification and also provide theoretical support for combining wood with ceramic materials.
Inorganic ceramics represent a broad class of inorganic non-metallic materials, often defined in both general and specific terms. In the narrow sense, ceramics include high-temperature processed materials such as architectural, daily-use, and special ceramics, including superconducting materials. In a broader sense, they encompass silicate-based products like cement, glass, and other similar substances. Ceramics typically have a three-dimensional network structure built from silicon tetrahedra, interlaced with other metal or non-metal elements. This structural complexity gives ceramics their remarkable stability, high hardness, and resistance to high temperatures, allowing them to maintain integrity even under extreme conditions.
While ceramics offer excellent strength and thermal resistance, they lack the toughness and flexibility found in wood. This complementary nature has driven research into hybrid materials that combine the best attributes of both. One such innovation is the development of organosilicon compounds, which have gained popularity in recent decades. These materials are used in applications such as non-stick coatings, water-repellent treatments, silicone oils, and exterior paints, demonstrating the potential of combining organic and inorganic components to create advanced functional materials.
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