Carving techniques vary depending on the material used, and common forms include wood carving, brick carving, stone carving, jade carving, and ivory carving. However, when it comes to furniture, wood carving is the most prevalent. According to "China Modern Mahogany Furniture" by Liu Peng, an associate researcher at the Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, modern mahogany furniture often features traditional carving methods such as line carving, relief, openwork, and round carving.
Line carving involves using a V-shaped knife to create raised lines on a flat surface, resulting in vivid and elegant patterns with smooth, flowing lines. This technique is also known as "Yang line carving," where the design appears to rise from the surface. For example, this method is commonly seen on table cases, adding a refined aesthetic to the furniture.
Relief carving is a technique where the design protrudes above the background surface. It is one of the most widely used methods in furniture decoration. Depending on the height of the carved design, relief can be classified into deep relief and bas-relief. Each type offers different visual effects, with deep relief creating a more pronounced three-dimensional look, while bas-relief provides a subtle, elegant appearance.
Openwork carving involves removing parts of the background to highlight the main design, allowing the image to stand out clearly. Some pieces are designed to be viewed from both sides, known as "double-sided carving." Others may only feature carving on one side. The technique often uses a wire saw to cut out spaces, followed by detailed engraving. Another variation is "half-and-half carving," where part of the design is hollowed out with a wire saw, and another part is shaped with a chisel for added depth and texture.
Round carving is a three-dimensional technique that creates lifelike figures, often used on throne backs, hangers, and high basins. It is frequently seen on the ends of furniture, where intricate carvings like dragon heads or crested motifs are sculpted. Even details such as tiger claws on table legs or decorative clips are often crafted using this method, showcasing the artistry and craftsmanship of traditional Chinese furniture.
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