Training Materials: Guidelines for Multi-storey Fire Operations

01 text explaining part ( 35 minutes)

1. Fire characteristics of multi-storey houses ( 20 minutes)

Causes fire. Household fires may cause fires in kitchens, living rooms, bedrooms, storage rooms, etc. due to the use of electrical and gas. Stalls may cause fire due to the discharge of bottle cars, motorcycles, or dumping of sundries in stairwells. Chemicals are stored in basements. Electricity may cause fire; the balcony of the house is combustible and may cause fire due to flying fire (fireworks, etc.).

Fireworks expanded. When there is a fire in your home, there are more combustibles, and the fire is violent and the temperature is high. After the fire, it will spread through the doors, windows and even the outer wall (do you see London? Excuse me, how many people die!) The smoke will enter through the door. Staircases; fires take about 15 minutes or less to expand , and smoke spreads around 3-5 minutes.

Dangerous features. Smoke is the greatest danger. It is high in temperature and toxic. It will not be able to escape after being filled with stairs. After the ground fire, the smoke will rise. The top-level households will be extremely dangerous and may be poisoned by carbon monoxide. After the bottom fire, the entire building is the most dangerous and easy to pass. Stairs, windows, exterior walls spread upward.

Fire case. (1) layer of a residential building fire 5, 2005 at 21:00 on February 25 Xu, motorbikes spontaneous combustion due to the corridor, to death on the 5th floor in a 3-man escape; (2) a 6-storey residential building fire in Qingdao, 2013 ......, because the blanket layer 5 fire, smoke layer 6 into the attic, herein rental 4 3 carbon monoxide poisoning, an injured person jumping.

Of course, the big guys can also learn about London residents' fires or other fires in the village.

2. Action guide for fires in multi-storey houses ( 10 minutes)

Case hypothesis. 7- floor residential building, at 3 am, a fire broke out in the kitchen.

Action procedure

( 1 ) Procedures for discovering fire stages

A. When discovering (detecting) a fire (the method of discovery is usually smelling of smoke or hearing sounds), get up slowly (that is, do not sit up suddenly. One is to fear that the fire will happen in the bedroom, and the roof is already hot. Smoke, swiftly sit up and put the head into the smoke, three or four Baidu, the consequences ... ... Hey. Of course, on the other hand, it is also easy to stimulate the blood supply due to fierce problems, will dizzy, etc., 嘿嘿)

B , calmly determine the point of fire. Blink your eyes, pat your face, clear your head, and make a preliminary judgment: Is it a fire, and is the fire in the bedroom of the lord (the house, the public, the master)?

( 2 ) Action procedure to determine when a fire occurs in the bedroom

A , get out of bed immediately (for example, you can use the sideways rollover mode, try to keep the low position), go out in the low position, and close the door, and then turn into the alarm, save or escape.

( 3 ) Action procedure for judging fire not occurring in the bedroom

A. After getting clear that it is not a fire in the bedroom, get up as far as possible (to prevent the carbon monoxide in the smoke from infiltrating into the bedroom and possible poisoning in the high position), and go to the bedroom door to make the next step.

B. Determine if you can open the door. The method is to touch the door handle with the back of your hand. If it is not hot, you can go out.

C. Exploring hypoactivity, going into alarm, fighting and evacuation.

( 4 ) Alarm Action Procedure

A. (prompts) give priority to people in other bedrooms, so that they do not move first, do a good job of fire fighting and escape preparation, pay attention to the way, volume and attention to protect their respiratory tract, do not shout in heavy smoke.

B. Call a relative and let him report to the fire brigade and call 119. (Children are not recommended. Children after elementary school can.)

C. The alarm runs through the entire operation. One is to maintain mutual contact, the other is to negotiate and encourage, and the third is to provide information to the fire brigade.

It should be noted that reporting fires must be carried out on the premise of being safe. If a fire does not occur, call 119 immediately .

( 5 ) Fire-fighting action procedures (this step can be skipped)

A. After it is clear that the kitchen has caught fire, judge if you can extinguish the fire (according to your usual understanding and mastery, don't make a manual copy).

B. If it is judged as capable of extinguishing the fire. Then immediately copy the guy and use a fire extinguisher. Be careful to extinguish the fire two to three meters away from the fire. When you go past, you must pay attention to smoke prevention. If you have large smoke, you must be low or crawling (you must be clear about your ability to act and have confidence). At the same time, you must inform the vulnerable people in the family to escape first to ensure safety.

C , the use of portable dry powder fire extinguisher use procedures are: unplug the safety pin, with a hand in front of the nozzle (with nozzle, do not take will spray, face, eyes will be covered with powder), a hand pressure handle. Use a half kneeling position when fighting a fire to prevent smoke damage. Try to extinguish the fire when you are watching the fire surface. Do not spray the fire extinguishing agent.

D. If it is judged as unable to extinguish fire. Then immediately escape with his family, thirty-six counts and take the lead.

( 6 ) Escape Action Procedure

A. When you escape the door, remember to close the door; when you escape outside the door, remember to close the door. Prevent the spread of fire.

B. Enter the stairway, pay attention to timing, make sure that there is no smoke or smoke, wear as much as you can during the escape (if possible), prevent skin burns, and try not to breathe or breathe when there is a small amount of smoke on the corridor.

( 7 ) Trapped action program

A. If you touch the door and get hot, it means that the outdoor temperature is very high, the fire and smoke are already approaching, and the smoke layer has fallen to a height enough to cause death ( less than 1 meter ), you can't go out, immediately turn into the alarm and wait for rescue. .

B. Immediately notify (prompt) (phone) Family members in other rooms do not open the door.

C. According to prior agreement, use a towel or the like to plug the door and splash water (if water is available).

D. Open the window and alert people outside (Animal products, lighting, flashlights, etc., or parabolic sounds).

E. Call 119 and continue to tell the scene if possible.

F. If smoke has entered the room, consider moving the escape rope to the next floor.

G. Ask the next layer of neighbors to cooperate and transfer other family members.

H. Other ways to help escape (eg using a descent, etc.).

( 8 ) Other action procedures (this step can be skipped)

A. Meet the fire brigade downstairs. Pay attention to the use of the telephone to maintain contact with the fire brigade, inform the fire situation, and cooperate with the firefighters on the scene to maintain order or to put out the fire.

B , with the fire department to extinguish, rescue, investigate the fire.

3. Precautions for fire escape in multi-storey houses ( 3 minutes)

( 1 ) The most important issue is the reporting of fire. Reporting to the family is first and important, and reporting to others and 119 when capable .

( 2 ) It is extremely important to prevent smoke inhalation. The method is low posture, gargle, reduce breathing. When the non-owner catches fire, he can go out and avoid the smoke risk of the stairs.

( 3 ) Trips above three floors are not recommended. As a last resort, we must do our best preparations before jumping.

( 4 ) It is very important to stay calm. Impulse is the devil, ah, the key moment or the brain is better to make more.

( 5 ) Special matters must be specially handled. If the exterior wall is a flammable insulation material, or if the home is equipped with central air-conditioning, that is, if the fire or smoke can be burned in through the window and come in through the air-conditioning outlet, it is necessary to pay close attention, analyze and judge, and make timely determination. , see if it is running or stay in the house.

( 6 ) Be careful with rope or descent. Because this is relatively difficult. Depending on the individual's physical and psychological qualities and peacetime training, it also depends on whether or not the external wall is burning, but also to prevent falling objects from hitting you upstairs. As for the sheets, it's still best not to think about it.

4. Equipped with fire escape equipment for multi-storey houses ( 2 minutes)

( 1 ) Independent fire detectors (first important).

( 2 ) Extinguisher, dry powder or liquid.

( 3 ) Flashlight.

( 4 ) escape rope, or descending device, (plus belt).

( 5 ) Smoke masks.

02

1. Showcase various fire-fighting products used in home fires ( 5 minutes)

( 1 ) Independent Smoke Detector

( 2 ) Fire Extinguisher

( 3 ) Escape rope

( 4 ) Smoke masks.

2. Interaction between volunteers and residents to simulate the above fire escape ( 15 minutes)

( 1 ) Three fathers, mothers and children were simulated by three volunteers, and two bedrooms were assigned.

( 2 ) The child first discovered the fire and the child alerted (Report to parents: Dad, caught fire);

( 3 ) Parents followed the procedures of alarm (hitting 119 ), extinguishing, evacuation, and waiting for help.

( 4 ) A random sample of 3 residents simulates the above steps and issues souvenirs (independent fire detectors or fire extinguishers).

3. On-site questioning and interactive ( 5 minutes, can be extended according to participation)

( 1 ) We receive consultation about firefighting product.

( 2 ) Distribute firefighting information and firefighting into the community survey questionnaire.

( 3 ) Answer questions.

03

1. Familiarize with the venue and materials in advance. The lecturer should prepare for lectures, conduct research on possible questions, and prepare for scientific questions.

2. Before the lecture, you can use a small activity to warm the field. In the pre-training notice, explain the training content, prize-winning activities and participatory situations to attract the audience and participants.

3 , advance debugging audio and other equipment, prepare relevant information, check the products to be displayed to ensure normal function.

4. According to the situation on the spot, the time and content of the lecture can be adjusted appropriately, and attention is paid to mobilizing the atmosphere of the scene. Volunteers maintain order at the scene and prevent accidents.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.