The management level of lactating sows directly affects the survival rate of piglets before weaning. How to improve the performance of lactating sows has always been the focus of attention. The long-term use of antibiotics as prenatal and postnatal anti-inflammatory antibiotics for sows has brought significant economic benefits as well as food safety, drug resistance and immunosuppression. Therefore, it is a top priority to develop and promote a new type of green feed additive that can effectively replace antibiotics, hormones and effectively protect, prevent and promote growth, and probiotics is one of the research hotspots. It can improve the intestinal acid environment of animals and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria by secreting metabolites such as organic acids, bacteriocins, vitamins and digestive enzymes. Optimize intestinal flora structure and stimulate intestinal mucosal immunity. Improve the body's resistance to disease and achieve the purpose of improving animal performance.
Enterococcus faecium is a facultative anaerobic lactic acid bacteria probiotic in the normal intestinal flora of animals. Compared with bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, which are strict in anaerobic, culture and storage conditions, Enterococcus faecium is more convenient. The preferred strain for production and use. Many studies have shown that it has the effect of improving animal performance and improving the immunity of animals to diseases. The National Feed Engineering and Technology Research Center has repeatedly selected and tested the Enterococcus faecium strains with strong resistance to stress, high enzyme production and excellent biological characteristics from nearly 300 strains of lactic acid bacteria, and developed the Comfort series for livestock and poultry. . This experiment uses Enterococcus faecium (trade name: Comfort) as the research object, through the feeding test and the determination of production performance indicators, to study its effect on the performance of sows, and provide further application of probiotics in livestock and poultry breeding. in accordance with.
1 Materials and methods
1.1 Test Materials
Enterococcus faecium (trade name: Comfort 20) was developed by the National Feed Engineering Technology Research Center and provided by Beijing Zhongnong Yingtai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the number of live bacteria containing Enterococcus faecium was 2.0×109 CFU/g.
1.2 Test Animals
24 large white sows with a variety, age, body condition, average parity, close pregnancy, and a body weight of about 150 kg were selected.
1.3 Test Design and Management
24 large white sows were randomly divided into 2 treatments, with 3 replicates per treatment and 4 pigs per replicate. The two treatment groups were fed with a commercial feed, the experimental group was the Enterococcus faecium group, and 200g/t Enterococcus faecium was added to the commercial feed. The experimental observation period was from the 30 days before the sow to the 21st day after delivery, for 51 days. The breeding bar is a sow positioning bar, the pigs are free to eat, the automatic drinking water is supplied to the water, and the pig group feed is fed according to the conventional feeding operation rules.
1.4 Determination of production performance indicators
On the day of sow birth, the litter size, live litter size, and newborn litter weight were recorded. The number of weaned pigs and weaning litter weight were recorded at 21d weaning. The live rate, average birth weight, average weaning weight, and weaning survival rate of piglets were calculated using the following formula.
Live rate (%) = live litter size / litter size × 100
Average birth weight = birth weight / number of piglets per litter
Average weaning weight = weaning nest weight / number of weaned pigs per litter
Piglet weaning survival rate (%) = number of weaned pigs / litter size × 100
1.5 Collection of colostrum samples
The sows collected 3rnl of milk samples from different nipples of each sow on days 0, 1, 3, and 5 after delivery. After the sample is collected, the whey is centrifuged and stored at -20 ° C for testing.
Determination of IgA, IgG, and IgM in whey was performed according to the instructions of the ELISA test kit.
1.6 Data Statistics
The test data were expressed as "mean ± standard deviation". The results were analyzed by A-Way ANOVA in Excel and SPSS version 14.0 statistical software. P < 0.05 was considered significant.
2 Results Analysis
2.1 The effect of Enterococcus faecium on sow production performance
It can be seen from Table 1 that in this test, Enterococcus faecalis was added to the sow feed, and the number of live births, average birth weight, and weaning litter weight were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). At the end of the weaning of the piglets produced by the test sows, the weaning weight and average weaning weight of the piglets in the experimental group were increased by 22.70% and 5.30%, respectively, and the weaning survival rate of the piglets was increased by 5.56% compared with the control group.
Control group | test group | |
Nest litter size (head) | 10.76±2.98 | 11.95±2.57 |
Live number (head) | 9.91±2.42 a | 11.28±2.65 b |
Live rate (%) | 92.10 a | 94.39 b |
Newborn nest weight (kg) | 14.80±3.78 | 15.94±3.25 |
Average birth weight (kg) | 1.55±0.23 a | 1.67±0.24 b |
Number of weaned pigs (head) | 9.34±0.62 | 10.95±0.94 |
Weaning nest weight (kg) | 54.01±13.22 a | 66.27±9.94 b |
Average weaning weight (kg) | 5.85±0.51 a | 6.16±0.67 b |
Piglet weaning survival rate (%) | 86.80 a | 91.63 b |
IgG (mg/ml) | IgA (mg/ml) | IgM (mg/ml) | ||||
Control group | test group | Control group | test group | Control group | test group | |
0 | 78.91±8.01 a | 90.10±15.48 b | 10.42±1.57 a | 14.12±2.77 b | 4.77±1.52 | 5.04±1.11 |
1 | 26.18±6.25 a | 33.71±12.05 b | 5.33±1.16 a | 7.88±1.81 b | 2.27±0.51 | 2.04±0.37 |
3 | 12.38±2.35 a | 15.86±6.04 b | 2.88±0.78 a | 3.80±1.30 b | 0.97±0.52 | 0.87±0.57 |
5 | 0.41±0.17 | 0.52±0.18 | 0.12±0.05 | 0.16±0.04 | 0.02±0.01 | 0.01±0.01 |
3 Discussion
3.1 Effect of Enterococcus faecium on sow production performance
Before 20 days of age, the nutrients needed for piglet weight gain are almost exclusively provided by the sow's milk. The weaning weight of 21-day-old piglets not only reflects the lactation performance of the sow, but also has a good growth performance and growth rate for the piglets in the future. Great impact. The results of the test showed that after adding Enterococcus faecium to the sow diet, the average birth weight and average weaning litter weight of the suckling piglets in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group. This indicates that the addition of Enterococcus faecium to the sow diet can directly or indirectly promote the secretion of hormones related to lactation, enhance the development and secretion of the mammary gland, and significantly improve the lactation performance of lactating sows. This may be due to the fact that Enterococcus faecium can reduce the production stress of the sow to a certain extent, enhance the immune function of the body, promote the recovery of the uterus, help the recovery of the sow's postpartum constitution, and adjust the balance of the flora in the intestine of the sow. It improves the utilization rate of feed, promotes the absorption of vitamin B, vitamin A, vitamin E and other ingredients that are beneficial to the synthesis of milk, thereby improving the growth performance of suckling piglets.
3.2 Effect of Enterococcus faecium on immunoglobulin content in sow colostrum
IgG is the main immunoglobulin in colostrum, and its content in colostrum is 50-150 times that of normal milk. IgA is divided into serotype and secretory IgA, which has anti-infective effect on local mucosal immunity such as respiratory and digestive tract. Maternal IgG before weaning in piglets enters the blood circulation of piglets through colostrum, providing humoral immunity, and SIgA in the main immunoglobulin IgA of breast milk adheres to the intestinal mucosa after 3 days of delivery, responsible for local immunity. The results of the test showed that the levels of immunoglobulin IgG, IgA and IgM in the colostrum of the sows at the time of delivery and after delivery were significantly increased in the sows after the addition of Enterococcus faecium to the sow diet. This and the Enterococcus faecium occupy most of the colonization sites of the sow's digestive tract, which directly acts on the host's immune system, induces intestinal immunity, and stimulates the development of immune organs such as the thymus, spleen and bursa, and promotes macrophages. Cell viability or play an adjuvant role, activate the relevant lymphoid tissue in the intestinal mucosa, increase the secretion of SIgA and IgG, and enhance the local immune defense response of the host intestinal mucosa. With the increase of immunoglobulin content in sow colostrum, the complement and antibody obtained by passive immunization of piglets are also increased. This passive immunization will enhance the resistance of newborn piglets to disease infection, and will also reduce the incidence of some diseases. In particular, it has a local protective effect on intestinal diseases and intestinal microbial invasion. The reduction in the incidence of piglets and the improvement of immunity in the body were also reflected in the study, from the live birth rate, the average weaning weight and the weaning survival rate of piglets.
4 Conclusion
The results of this experiment indicate that adding appropriate amount of Enterococcus faecium to sow diet can increase the survival rate of sows, increase the weaning survival rate of piglets, increase the content of immunoglobulin in sow milk, enhance disease resistance and reduce stress. Damage to the body.
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