1 Introduction to composite superhard materials
1.1 Basic situation of composite superhard materials
Due to their extremely high hardness, materials such as diamond and cubic boron nitride are collectively referred to as superhard materials, and have excellent properties such as high hardness, good wear resistance and thermal conductivity, and low thermal expansion coefficient.
At present, superhard materials are mainly classified into single crystal superhard materials and polycrystalline superhard materials (also called "composite superhard materials"). The single crystal superhard material is mainly a single crystal diamond/cubic boron nitride micropowder; the polycrystalline superhard material mainly refers to a composite material prepared by sintering a diamond or cubic boron nitride and a related binder.
The main difference between the two types of materials is: single crystal diamond / cubic boron nitride material is characterized by higher hardness, better heat resistance, but smaller size, mostly used in the manufacture of cutting tools such as saw blades; polycrystalline diamond / cubic nitrogen The characteristic of boron is that the hardness and heat resistance are slightly inferior to that of single crystal materials. However, since the polycrystalline superhard material is a diamond dense body with a tight internal structure, the cutting area of ​​the tool can be increased, and the single crystal superhard material is overcome due to sticking. The disadvantage of easy to fall off the surface of the saw blade caused by the small junction area has higher wear resistance.
In general, composite superhard materials have strong alternatives to traditional alloy materials and have greater market potential. They are widely used in traditional fields such as machinery, metallurgy, geology, petroleum, coal, stone, construction, etc., electronic information, aerospace. High-tech fields such as defense and military industries, as well as emerging industries such as automobiles and home appliances.
1.2 Main product use of composite superhard materials
At present, the products of composite superhard materials are mainly divided into four categories: polycrystalline diamond composite sheets for oil and gas drill bits, polycrystalline diamond composite sheets for coalfield mining, high-grade drawing blanks for polycrystalline diamond and polycrystalline diamond/polycrystalline for cutting tools. Cubic boron nitride composite sheet.
(1) Polycrystalline diamond compact for oil and natural gas drill bits
The oil and natural gas polycrystalline diamond compact is a combination of a cutting layer composed of numerous tiny diamond particles and a binder and a cemented carbide substrate layer sintered at high temperature and high pressure, and has high strength, hardness, wear resistance and impact resistance. As well as good self-sharpness, these excellent properties make it suitable for rock drilling. This product is mainly used as the cutting tooth of oil and gas drill bit, and it is the core component of cutting and excavation on the drill bit.
(2) Polycrystalline diamond compact for coal field mining drill bit
Due to its high hardness, strong wear resistance and good impact toughness, the composite super-hard material can be used for the production of oil and gas drill bits, and can also be used to make PCD composite sheets for coal mine drill bits. Its use is not limited to manufacturing. Drilling and cutting tools for coal fields and mining operations can also be widely used in the manufacture of drilling tools in many fields such as construction, hydropower construction, rock crushing, road repair and so on.
(3) Polycrystalline diamond high-grade drawing die blank
Drawing die is a very important consumable mold for drawing wire rods of various metal wire manufacturers (such as wire and cable factories, steel wire factories, welding wire factories, etc.). The wire drawing die has a wide range of applications, and is mainly used for drawing straight, difficult-to-machine objects such as bars, wires, wires, pipes, etc., and is suitable for drawing and processing of metal and alloy materials such as steel, copper, Tungsten , and Molybdenum. Composite superhard materials are the ideal material for making high quality wire drawing dies.
(4) Composite sheet for tools
Tools made with PCD/PCBN tool composites can replace almost all traditional carbide tools and are used in a wide range of applications, including manufacturing automotive parts, processing wood, mining stone, and CNC machine heads. Due to the large scale of its downstream industry, the demand for composite sheets for tools is also huge.
1.3 Analysis of the technical status of composite superhard materials industry
The core of the production of composite superhard materials lies in the formulation of raw materials for single crystal superhard materials and binders; the core technology lies in the process of sintering single crystal superhard materials and corresponding binders through high temperature and high pressure. The quality of products on the market is excellent, and manufacturers with obvious competitive advantages all have unique formulas and advanced production processes. The above two points constitute the core competitiveness of the composite superhard materials industry. In the early stage of China's industry development, China's composite super-hard material products have a certain gap in terms of wear resistance, hardness, composite sheet uniformity and composite sheet size compared with international advanced products. However, with the continuous research of Chinese enterprises and scientific research personnel, the performance advantages of the six-face top press have been fully utilized and the disadvantages have been overcome. The technical level of China's composite super-hard industry has formed its own characteristics and is close to or achieved in the overall technical indicators. The international advanced level.
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Chemical Requirements
|
Grade |
R60700 (Zr-1) |
R60702 (Zr-3) |
R60705 (Zr-5) |
Zr-0 |
Zr-2(ZrSn1.4~0.1) |
Zr-4(ZrSn1.4~0.2) |
|
|
Zr |
-- |
-- |
-- |
Balance |
Balance |
Balance |
|
|
Zr+Hf |
≥99.2 |
≥99.2 |
≥95.5 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
Hf |
≤4.5 |
≤4.5 |
≤4.5 |
≤0.010 |
≤0.010 |
≤0.010 |
|
|
Sn |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
1.20~1.70 |
1.20~1.70 |
|
|
Fe |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
0.07~0.20 |
0.18~0.24 |
|
|
Ni |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
0.03~0.08 |
-- |
|
|
Nb |
-- |
-- |
2.0~3.0 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
Cr |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
0.05~0.15 |
0.07~0.13 |
|
|
Fe+Ni+Cr |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
0.18~0.38 |
-- |
|
|
Fe+Cr |
≤0.2 |
≤0.2 |
≤0.2 |
-- |
-- |
0.28~0.37 |
|
|
C |
0.05 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
0.027 |
0.027 |
0.027 |
|
|
N |
0.025 |
0.025 |
0.025 |
0.006 5 |
0.006 5 |
0.006 5 |
|
|
H |
0.005 |
0.005 |
0.005 |
0.002 5 |
0.002 5 |
0.002 5 |
|
|
O |
0.1 |
0.16 |
0.18 |
0.16 |
0.16 |
0.16 |
Zirconium Parts
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