The piston rod serves as a critical component that connects and transmits force from the piston to the external mechanism, enabling the cylinder to perform its intended function. It is commonly found in hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders, where it plays a vital role in the movement and operation of the system. As a part that undergoes continuous motion, the piston rod demands high precision and durability. For instance, in a hydraulic cylinder, the piston rod works in conjunction with the cylinder barrel, piston, and end caps to ensure smooth and efficient operation. The quality of the piston rod's manufacturing directly impacts the overall performance, lifespan, and reliability of the entire system.
Due to its importance, the piston rod requires advanced machining techniques. Its surface must meet strict standards, with a surface roughness of Ra 0.4–0.8 μm, and it must maintain high coaxiality and excellent wear resistance. These requirements make the processing of piston rods particularly challenging, especially since they are typically long shafts that are difficult to machine without distortion or defects. This has been a long-standing issue for machinists and engineers working in the field.
To address these challenges, rolling processing is often used on piston rods. This technique introduces compressive residual stresses into the surface layer, which helps to close micro-cracks and reduce the risk of crack propagation. By enhancing surface integrity, rolling not only improves the mechanical properties of the rod but also significantly increases its fatigue life and resistance to wear. As a result, the use of rolling technology is an essential step in ensuring the longevity and performance of piston rods in demanding applications.
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