Main points of management of yam water and fertility in spring

Since the beginning of the spring, farmers in Jiaozuo, Henan, and Jixian County, Hebei Province have asked the soil selection and fertilizer management issues of spring yam in the hotline. The following is a brief introduction.

The management of yam soil and fertilizer should be based on biological characteristics. The stalks of the yam plants are rich in stems and leaves, and the stems can grow up to 2 to 3 meters high, which is conducive to photosynthetic production. The roots and stems are more special for people to eat. The yam is a rhizome that grows in the lower part of the ground, and the yield per plant is several kilograms. This edible stem is born at the lower end of the root. Whether it is planted or potato, the lateral bud root, also known as the root of the mouth, functions to absorb soil water and nutrients, and supplies the upper and lower stems and leaves upwards. Born at the lower rhizomes (ie, yam). The rhizome has the characteristics of downward ligature. The root of the mouth extends generally 20 cm, and can also extend obliquely downward. The main roots are distributed at 10 to 20 cm, and the deepest can reach 40 to 50 cm, but shallower than the rhizomes. Due to different varieties and soil conditions, yam has different distribution depths, generally ranging from 60 to 80 cm, and some even up to 1 m deep.

When expanding yam cultivation, first, we must select the soil and make a reasonable understanding of the topography, location and production of the crops before we can make a reasonable choice. The main points are as follows:

1. The yam selection soil is deep, loose and fertile, and the terrain is sunny and the drainage is smooth.

2. The groundwater level should be below 1 meter.

Do not have barrier layers (such as sand ginger, gravel, etc.) in the 3.1 m deep soil profile.

4. Soil around neutral (pH value 6-8), not too alkaline peracid.

5. The soil texture of the plough layer is better for light soil. In actual production, it has been planted from sandy soil, light soil, medium soil and heavy soil, but there is a difference in land preparation and management.

Second, the yam should be cultivated before the planting. The cultivation time can be ploughed in autumn or spring, and most of them are spring ploughing. The preparation of yam includes two parts: deep pine ploughing and shallow trenching. Due to the characteristics of the yam root and the stem in the ground, the soil preparation requires deep pine tillage, application of organic fertilizer, and improvement of soil physical conditions to facilitate tuber stalking and growth.

Third, the yam colonization period requires that the soil temperature of 5 cm on the ground should be stable at 10 °C. For North China in late April general, Fujian and in March, the Northeast generally colonization in early May. The sooner the better in the appropriate planting period, the better the root system and the increase in yield.

Fourth, water management. If you find that the bottom of the soil is very poor, you must pour the water once and then start the farming operation. After planting, it is important to ensure that the heat preservation is beneficial to the emergence of seedlings. The whole seedling stage should not be watered. According to the principle of dry long roots and wet long seedlings, water control during seedling period not only keeps warm but also promotes root down. The first watering should enter the fast growing period at the high level.

Fifth, fertilization management. The base of yam should be based on organic fertilizer, and with the application of chemical fertilizer, you can choose compound fertilizer with phosphorus and potassium as the main amount, appropriate proportion of nitrogen, or single fertilizer such as calcium, ammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate and urea. Both can be applied by blending. The recommended dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilizers is about 10 kg ( N ) per mu ; 10 to 15 kg (P2O5) and 10 to 12 kg (K2O) . The base fertilizer of yam should be applied deeper than 20 cm, especially the organic fertilizer should be applied deeper.

In short, from the biological characteristics, the arbor plantar shoots up to 2 ~ 3 meters long for photosynthesis, edible output - rhizome is buried in the deep 50 ~ 80 cm below the soil , and the two mouth root bear above and below ground to absorb water supply of nutrients throughout the plant needs heavy tasks, yam production is generally up to 2000 to 3000 kg, it is not very well-developed root system, and mostly released in 20 cm shallow soil, so water and fertilizer in the planting yam In the management of soil, special attention should be paid to the combination of deep pine tillage and deep application of organic fertilizer to achieve the purpose of curing roots. Post-emergence and seedling management is focused on heat preservation and preservation. Soil moisture and seedlings are often observed. It is not advisable to prematurely irrigate water.

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