According to the statistics of lock industry experts, the current sales of locks nationwide is about 2.2 billion per year. After years of market brewing, the market demand for fingerprint locks is increasing. It is estimated that there are about 5 million sets of market demand in the commercial market including finance, military police and office. After the civilian market matures, at least the demand for the commercial market each year. In the next few years, fingerprint locks will occupy the largest share of the lock market and become a turning point in the Chinese lock industry.
It is in this market context that Singapore Lanke Co., Ltd. has launched a SIB8132 fingerprint recognition chip that can apply fingerprint locks. Here, the design of this fingerprint recognition professional chip will be shared with the readers.
Overall design
Strictly speaking, the fingerprint lock is a kind of electronic lock. However, because it is based on fingerprint recognition technology, it has abandoned the "password" and "smart card" of the previous electronic locks, and uses the biological characteristics of the human body - fingerprints, thus achieving the perfect unity of technology and humanity. While satisfying people's demands for security, fingerprint locks keep people away from the "worry of memory passwords" and the fear of "carrying cards and being afraid of losing". They can truly achieve "safe and convenient".
To achieve this "safe and convenient" fingerprint lock, the overall design of the product needs to be considered from the following aspects.
First, in the "security", not only must consider the anti-destructive unlocking, but also take into account the technical unlocking. The fingerprint recognition module is used to eliminate the key unlocking method, which basically eliminates the problem of technical unlocking.
Second, we must consider the repetition rate, or the amount of keys. For electronic locks that use information encoding, the amount of keys is generally not less than 105. For biometrics, the amount of keys is more than 256 bytes. Its password strength is much larger than the existing password.
Third, the selected fingerprint recognition and fingerprint acquisition device performance directly affects the security and ease of use of the fingerprint lock. Although the strength of the "fingerprint key" is very large, in theory and in practice, there are still misunderstandings, but this probability is much smaller than the password and the mechanical key.
Fourth, whether the fingerprint lock adds more cost. Fingerprint locks do not add much cost to smart card locks and fingerprint locks. In particular, after using the SIB8132 single-chip solution, the lock control program and fingerprint recognition program can be integrated into one MCU. This is also the only single-chip design solution in the world, which has been implemented by many companies. Around the SIB8132 is the input and output module of the fingerprint lock. These modules include power modules, fingerprint capture heads, keyboards , buzzers, and lock drive devices. The LCD/ LED display device , communication interface and debug interface are optional modules that can be selected according to product functional specifications.
For products like the locks used by ordinary people every day, a "simple and practical" operation process is very important. The operational process design is based on the "simplest" and "most logical" principles. Need to pay attention to the design of the lock operation process: the sub-function settings are as independent as possible, reducing key reuse. The number of keystrokes should be as small as possible during operation, and the operation level should not exceed 2 levels.
Fingerprint operation process design
After adding the fingerprint function to the ordinary lock, the use of the lock objectively brings about a certain complexity. Of course, this is only reflected in the fingerprint registration operation during the initial use, and the fingerprint unlocking operation is still very simple.
When using the fingerprint lock for the first time, you need to deposit the fingerprint data into the control module of the lock. The fingerprint is stored through “fingerprint collection†and “fingerprint discriminationâ€. “Fingerprint Acquisition†requires a friendly sequence of operations to guide the user through the smooth collection of fingerprints. In the "fingerprint discrimination", feedback information needs to be given according to "fingerprint quality" to prompt and help the user to input a fingerprint of better quality. The stored fingerprint data is usually called a fingerprint template, and the quality of the fingerprint template directly affects the accuracy of subsequent fingerprint recognition (unlocking).
Fingerprint locks used in most scenarios involve the issue of "fingerprint management." That is, a specific administrator authorizes others to use the fingerprint lock. “Fingerprint Management†includes fingerprint addition, fingerprint deletion (single), and fingerprint removal (all). It even includes fingerprint number management and identification of duplicate registrations.
In a fingerprint lock with a higher security level, a "two-finger (multi-finger) argument" may be involved - that is, a situation in which multiple people's fingerprints are serially verified to be unlocked. These requirements related to the "fingerprint management" function need to be combined with specific application scenarios to complete the process design.
Core control module design
The core control module of the fingerprint lock is a control board designed with the SIB8132 as the core. Figure 2 and Figure 2 show the front and back of the fingerprint control panel. The SIB8132 is a 32-bit high-performance processor similar to ARM7. The operating voltage is 3.3V, the core operating voltage is 2.5V, and the maximum operating current is 75mA. 256K of RAM and ROM make it more than enough to write an application that integrates passwords, remote control and fingerprints. The size is 14×14mm and 10×10mm. The 100 PIN pins contain three sets of UART, 32-bit GPIO, main and sub-I2C, 8-bit parallel port, and SPI. These interfaces allow the processor to interface with more peripherals, enabling a more powerful fingerprint lock system. Therefore, SIB8132 has a greater competitive advantage for the “multi-board splicing†fingerprint lock solution currently on the market. With the SIB8132 processor, you can truly achieve the "single board single core" control module.
Fingerprint acquisition equipment selection
The fingerprint acquisition device is the most important peripheral except the core control module. Its performance is related to the quality of the entire fingerprint lock. The fingerprint collection device is the component that is most in contact with the user and is the source of fingerprint data generation. Because it is the most frequently contacted, durability and ease of use are the first considerations in the selection process. Durability considerations show the anti-static ability, wear and corrosion resistance of the finger contact, and whether the sensing sensitivity decreases significantly with the number of uses. It is generally believed that the optical fingerprint collection head is more durable, and the fingerprint collection head using semiconductor direct sensing is more sensitive. Ease of use is expressed in the user's feelings. In general, the push-type or face-shaped fingerprint collector is simple to use and can capture fingerprints with one finger press. The size of the push type is generally 15mm-25mm square. In addition, in order to reduce costs, and in order to meet the needs of small handheld devices, there are many such products using sliding or scratch-type sensors , the size of which is only about 10 × 5mm square.
Of course, for fingerprint locks, users are more popular. Therefore, there will be more use of the push-type acquisition head. A low-cost optical press-type fingerprint capture head. High-quality semiconductor fingerprint-type fingerprint acquisition chips (including semiconductor capacitors, semiconductor inductors, and semiconductor pressure sensing methods).
Power module design
Power modules are important for any embedded system, and fingerprint locks are no exception. For the fingerprint lock product using the battery , in the power supply design, it is especially necessary to consider the power supply mode, power consumption, and power shortage and other emergency situations. With the SIB8132, the operating power consumption can be up to 75mA.
In the design of the power supply , it is also necessary to consider the problem of low voltage alarm. The low voltage alarm is a function to remind the user to replace the new battery in advance when the battery is low. It is designed to ensure that the number of times available in the low voltage state is at least 100 times or more. If the user still fails to replace the battery before the battery is exhausted, you need to lock the external power connector to ensure that the door can be opened in an emergency. Of course, the emergency situation also includes the failure of the circuit system. At this time, the "dual machine" mode can be considered, and the security is higher.
Input and output device selection
The input and output devices are selected according to the product function design. It should be noted that if the function is more complicated, an LCD or LED digital tube is necessary. At least in fingerprint management, it is used to display information such as the fingerprint number.
Fingerprint operation process design
After adding the fingerprint function to the ordinary lock, the use of the lock objectively brings about a certain complexity. Of course, this is only reflected in the fingerprint registration operation during the initial use, and the fingerprint unlocking operation is still very simple.
When using the fingerprint lock for the first time, you need to deposit the fingerprint data into the control module of the lock. The fingerprint is stored through “fingerprint collection†and “fingerprint discriminationâ€. “Fingerprint Acquisition†requires a friendly sequence of operations to guide the user through the smooth collection of fingerprints. In the "fingerprint discrimination", feedback information needs to be given according to "fingerprint quality" to prompt and help the user to input a fingerprint of better quality. The stored fingerprint data is usually called a fingerprint template, and the quality of the fingerprint template directly affects the accuracy of subsequent fingerprint recognition (unlocking).
Fingerprint locks used in most scenarios involve the issue of "fingerprint management." That is, a specific administrator authorizes others to use the fingerprint lock. “Fingerprint Management†includes fingerprint addition, fingerprint deletion (single), and fingerprint removal (all). It even includes fingerprint number management and identification of duplicate registrations.
In a fingerprint lock with a higher security level, a "two-finger (multi-finger) argument" may be involved - that is, a situation in which multiple people's fingerprints are serially verified to be unlocked. These requirements related to the "fingerprint management" function need to be combined with specific application scenarios to complete the process design.
Core control module design
The core control module of the fingerprint lock is a control board designed with the SIB8132 as the core. Figure 2 and Figure 2 show the front and back of the fingerprint control panel. The SIB8132 is a 32-bit high-performance processor similar to ARM7. The operating voltage is 3.3V, the core operating voltage is 2.5V, and the maximum operating current is 75mA. 256K of RAM and ROM make it more than enough to write an application that integrates passwords, remote control and fingerprints. The size is 14×14mm and 10×10mm. The 100 PIN pins contain three sets of UART, 32-bit GPIO, main and sub-I2C, 8-bit parallel port, and SPI. These interfaces allow the processor to interface with more peripherals, enabling a more powerful fingerprint lock system. Therefore, SIB8132 has a greater competitive advantage for the “multi-board splicing†fingerprint lock solution currently on the market. With the SIB8132 processor, you can truly achieve the "single board single core" control module.
Fingerprint acquisition equipment selection
The fingerprint acquisition device is the most important peripheral except the core control module. Its performance is related to the quality of the entire fingerprint lock. The fingerprint collection device is the component that is most in contact with the user and is the source of fingerprint data generation. Because it is the most frequently contacted, durability and ease of use are the first considerations in the selection process. Durability considerations show the anti-static ability, wear and corrosion resistance of the finger contact, and whether the sensing sensitivity decreases significantly with the number of uses. It is generally believed that the optical fingerprint collection head is more durable, and the fingerprint collection head using semiconductor direct sensing is more sensitive. Ease of use is expressed in the user's feelings. In general, the push-type or face-shaped fingerprint collector is simple to use and can capture fingerprints with one finger press. The size of the push type is generally 15mm-25mm square. In addition, in order to reduce costs, and in order to meet the needs of small handheld devices, there are many such products using sliding or scratch-type sensors , the size of which is only about 10 × 5mm square.
Of course, for fingerprint locks, users are more popular. Therefore, there will be more use of the push-type acquisition head. A low-cost optical press-type fingerprint capture head. High-quality semiconductor fingerprint-type fingerprint acquisition chips (including semiconductor capacitors, semiconductor inductors, and semiconductor pressure sensing methods).
Power module design
Power modules are important for any embedded system, and fingerprint locks are no exception. For the fingerprint lock product using the battery , in the power supply design, it is especially necessary to consider the power supply mode, power consumption, and power shortage and other emergency situations. With the SIB8132, the operating power consumption can be up to 75mA.
In the design of the power supply , it is also necessary to consider the problem of low voltage alarm. The low voltage alarm is a function to remind the user to replace the new battery in advance when the battery is low. It is designed to ensure that the number of times available in the low voltage state is at least 100 times or more. If the user still fails to replace the battery before the battery is exhausted, you need to lock the external power connector to ensure that the door can be opened in an emergency. Of course, the emergency situation also includes the failure of the circuit system. At this time, the "dual machine" mode can be considered, and the security is higher.
Input and output device selection
The input and output devices are selected according to the product function design. It should be noted that if the function is more complicated, an LCD or LED digital tube is necessary. At least in fingerprint management, it is used to display information such as the fingerprint number.
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