Due to easy cultivation, high yield, early listing, high price and good efficiency, greenhouse watermelon is cultivated more and more in northwestern Shandong (such as Wucheng County, Dezhou City). The local melon farmers mainly adopt two cultivation modes: one is the early shed cultivation, that is, the double-shed shed covered with no straw curtain and the small arch shed is added, and planted around February 1 (the first ten days of the first lunar month), May Ripe watermelon harvested around the 1st. The second is the late shed cultivation, that is, the method of using a single-layer temporary shed covered with no straw curtains, planted around April 5 (the lunar calendar is around Qingming), and when the temperature is stable after May 1st, the shed will be withdrawn, and the wheat harvest will be on June 5th. When the watermelon is ripe, it is harvested. The technical points of early and late shed cultivation of watermelon are introduced as follows:
Fertilizer characteristics and rootstock selection
Watermelon is a high-yield economic crop that is warm, drought-tolerant and requires more fertilizer. In theory, for every 1000 kilograms of watermelon fruit produced, it is necessary to absorb 2.5-3.2 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.8-1.2 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 2.9-3.6 kg of potassium oxide, and the ratio of NPK is about 3:1:3.5.
When planting, the early shed is recommended to use the rootstock for the Jinjinlong, Dijinglong, Qingyan No.1, etc. The variety is selected from the Jingxin series. In the evening shed, it is recommended to use the rootstock for the Nuggets, Dijinglong, Qingyan No.1, etc.
Early and late shed cultivation points
On the base fertilizer, the base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer and high-potassium compound fertilizer, and can be used for 3-4 cubic meters/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, and 100 kg/mu of sulfur-type high-potassium compound fertilizer (15-6-21, etc.).
On topdressing, the head can not be topdressed, but after the May 1st, the second melon should be topdressed. It is recommended to use sulfur-type nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer (24-0-11, etc.) 25-30 kg/mu. Watering after topdressing.
In the prevention and control of pests and diseases, the principle of pest control is prevention is greater than treatment, and early treatment should be detected early. In the seedling stage, it mainly controls aphids and powdery mildew, spot disease, etc., spray imidacloprid + difenoconazole, or imidacloprid + tribe, a total of 1-2 times. After sitting on the melon (including the head melon and the second melon), the main control of cabbage caterpillar, cotton bollworm, leaf miner, leaf spot, powdery mildew, etc., can be sprayed with a vitamin salt plus difenoconazole or Kangkuan plus green shellfish. Spray 1-2 times depending on the incidence.
Foliar fertilizer spray, start from the head of melon melon, spray with 330-500 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate spray, spray a total of 2-3 times.
Problems to be paid attention to when fertilizing
First, the base fertilizer reduces nitrogen and potassium to increase sulfur, strengthens the stem, improves resistance, and prevents prolongation. It is recommended to use a potassium sulphate-type high-nitrogen-phosphorus-high-potassium formula as a base fertilizer, such as 15-6-21, 15-10-20, 16-12-20, 18-12-20, and the like.
Secondly, the head of the early shed, mainly using the fertilizer effect of the base fertilizer, can be used without top dressing. However, the second squash and the late shed melon in the early shed will be cultivated in the field after the shed film is removed around May 1. The utilization rate of fertilizer and water is lower than that in the shed due to watering and rainfall. Therefore, it is necessary to follow the situation of sitting melons in time. Note that the topdressing is better with potassium sulphate type nitrogen and potassium binary fertilizer. It is recommended to use formula 24-0-11, 25-0-10, etc. Supplementing nitrogen fertilizer to prevent premature aging, supplementing potassium fertilizer to increase yield and sugar content, phosphate fertilizer is applied at one time on the base fertilizer, and it is of little significance to supplement the phosphorus with top dressing and increase the cost.
Secondly, the best point for topdressing and concentrated application is to increase the utilization rate, and the effect is better than that with water.
Finally, after sitting on the melon, pay attention to the foliar supplement of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, increase the brightness of the leaves, increase the photosynthetic efficiency, increase the yield and sugar content, and improve the quality.
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