Since the beginning of the year, the series of actions by the state in the national reserve of rare earths and the delineation of rare earth countries' planned mining areas seem to indicate the changes in China's rare earth map in the future, and how to seek their own development opportunities in this period of change will change to relevant local governments and enterprises. It is especially important. With the expiration of the “ban†for exploration and mining on June 30 (from March 2010 to June 30, 2011, the application for new rare earth exploration and mining registration will be suspended), more local governments and enterprises will The new mining rights have been lobbying and vying, and “aligning†with central enterprises seems to be a necessary move for local governments. However, the author understands that the coordination of interests between central enterprises and local governments remains to be resolved. Mining license or re-opening "The price of rare earth is absolutely not low now. It is necessary for the country to stabilize the supply, at least in the domestic market." In early March, a rare earth expert who did not want to be named said to the author. It is said that the rising price of rare earths is prompting more places with rare earth resources to enter the ranks of mining reserve teams. In order to curb the blind mining of domestic rare earths regardless of market demand, the state began to implement “command plans†for the total amount of rare earth mining and production indicators of various enterprises since 2007, but this policy has not been effectively implemented since the date of implementation. In addition to the financial crisis in 2008, in 2007 and 2009, China's total production of rare earths exceeded 50% of the planned targets. In 2010, it was widely regarded as the first year of the “Rare Earth New Dealâ€. The strictness of supervision was unprecedented, but it was not satisfactory in terms of the implementation of the production plan. "The phenomenon of stealing is still very serious. Last year, the price of rare earth soared. Many places did not care about the ban and took risks. The national total indicator of 89,000 tons must be exceeded." Lai Zhaotian, deputy general manager of Zhangzhou Mining Company, told the author that the southern ion type in 2010 The total amount of rare earths is 12,200 tons, but the total amount of mining in the five southern provinces exceeds 30,000 tons, and may even reach 45,000 tons. The rare earth price factor has led many provinces with rare earths to become keen on resource development. At the same time, rare earth deposits of varying sizes have been discovered in various southern provinces. However, as an auxiliary policy of the “Limited Production Orderâ€, in March 2010, the Ministry of Land and Resources also proposed to suspend the application for new rare earth exploration and mining registration in principle on June 30, 2011. Due to prospecting and mining bans, some provinces that have discovered rare earth mines cannot be exploited. Therefore, after the expiration of the “major limit†on June 30, 2011, the Ministry of Land and Resources faced a problem of whether or not to open the gate. The author learned from the Ministry of Land and Resources and the relevant departments of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology that at present, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian, Guangxi and other provinces are lobbying management departments, hoping to obtain new exploration and mining rights, but whether they will really let go after June 30, still It is unknown. "I think it may be reissued some, the number is not good judgment." Meng Xuejiang, secretary general of the Jiangxi Rare Earth Society, believes that the discovery of new minerals needs to be confirmed, and it is unfair economically to prevent these local organizations from developing. More industry insiders said that in January this year, the country's demarcation of rare earth national planning mining areas in Zhangzhou was already laying the groundwork for the redistribution of exploration and mining rights. According to the plan, the 11 rare earth national planning mining areas are all located in Zhangzhou, with a total area of ​​2,534 square kilometers. "In the case of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, for example, new rare earth mining licenses have not been issued in the past 10 years, some will expire, and some will not be redistributed if they do not meet the requirements. The changes are inevitable," said the expert. The red earth map redrawing in the south is mainly different from that in Inner Mongolia and Sichuan. The ionic rare earths are widely distributed. They have been found in Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, Sichuan and other seven provinces. Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and other provinces. It is understood that there are currently 104 rare earth mining warrants in the seven southern provinces, 89 of which are in Jiangxi and 88 in Chenzhou. At the end of 2004, the mining rights of 88 rare earth mines in Zhangzhou City were unified and integrated into Zhangzhou Rare Earth Mining Co., Ltd. Since then, even though Minmetals and Chinalco have been “speakingâ€, it is difficult to get the mining rights. Due to the absolute advantage of mining rights, the Cangzhou area is regarded as a rare earth town in the country and the world. In 2010, the total amount of 122,000 tons of ionic rare earths, Cangzhou alone accounted for 60%, reaching 7480 tons. For the provinces that also have rare earth resources in the surrounding area, the one in Zhangzhou seems to be very unreasonable, especially in the context of rising rare earth prices, many provinces are eager to move. Therefore, many of the provinces that have been lobbying have requested to obtain exploration rights first, and then seek the mining rights after clarifying the family. "First to find out the reserves, then there will be a chip, after years of development in Zhangzhou, the proportion of reserves in the country is certainly not as good as before." Meng Xuejiang told the author that Chuzhou currently accounts for 60% to 70% of the national ion-type rare earth reserves. When the surrounding provinces begin to develop vigorously, it is difficult to say whether Ganzhou can continue to be the "big boss" of ionic rare earths. In fact, local governments that want to acquire mining rights are not alone. They are already following the direction of national regulation and actively seek cooperation with large state-owned enterprises in order to obtain heavier chips. On March 2, before the opening of the two sessions, Heyuan City of Guangdong Province and Minmetals Group signed a cooperation agreement in Beijing, which agreed to re-exploit after exploration. Minmetals was thus considered to have finally obtained the long-awaited mining qualification. Previously, he had been operating in Jiangxi for many years and still could not obtain local mining rights. At the same time, Chinalco, Baotou Steel Rare Earth [83.700.47% shares], Xiamen Tungsten Industry [48.410.48% shares] are actively engaged with relevant provinces, the future merger of large-scale state-owned enterprises led by the rare earth industry is imperative At that time, a plurality of ionic rare earth centers in provinces may be formed. “Jiangxi Ganzhou no longer seeks to expand the number of mining licenses, but will expand the unit area.†Lai Zhaotian, deputy general manager of Zhangzhou Mining Company, is not worried about the competition in the surrounding provinces. He believes that as long as supervision is effective, formal development in other places is a good thing. At least the phenomenon of stealing can be reduced. As for Zhangzhou itself, 88 mining warrants may be further compressed. Benefit adjustment As the trend of central enterprises entering local rare earth mines becomes more and more clear, how to coordinate the interests of central enterprises and local interests has begun to attract more attention. In the interview, the author learned that many local governments have contradictions on the entry of central enterprises, and they hope to get their support and fear that they are inconsistent with the goal of local development. More experts and scholars hope to use economic means other than administration. Coordinate this potential contradiction. During the two sessions this year, the Central Committee of the China Democratic Promotion Association (hereinafter referred to as the “Driving Central Committeeâ€) submitted the “Proposal on Improving the Tax Rate of Rare Earth Resources as Fast as Possible†to the Fourth Session of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. The proposal proposes to increase the value of rare earth resources from the source by increasing the resource tax, and use the transfer of resource taxes to manage the local environment and improve people's lives. Meng Xuejiang believes that it is only a matter of time to levy a rare earth resource tax. However, it is not clear how to collect it. If a part of the tax can be returned to the local, it will be a big benefit for the local government. "The geographical development of mines is very strong. If the relationship between the central and local governments cannot be coordinated, it will be unfavorable for the central enterprises to operate in the local area. It cannot let the local people pay the price and will not benefit them." The current CPPCC National Committee and the Democratic Progressive Party Tang Jianren, a member of the Central Standing Committee, told the author that the resource tax can effectively transfer the high profits of resources into national wealth, which can reduce capital speculation and return corporate activities to normal. In terms of specific levy measures, even if there are differences in the industry, some people tend to learn from the current levy method for rare earth environmental protection costs, that is, from the mining amount, taking Zhangzhou as an example, according to different element mining characteristics, the standard is It costs 1 yuan to 4 yuan per ton. However, others advocate the use of ad valorem to cope with the rising prices of rare earths, curb industry profits and protect national interests. However, no matter how levied, a proportional return to the place is generally considered necessary. Tang Jianren told the author that his research shows that the concept of “resting the mountain to eat mountains†is deeply rooted, and the whole country is seeking development. It is reasonable for the people of rare earth resources to enjoy economic benefits. “In addition to being responsible to the state, central enterprises should also bear corresponding Social responsibility."
Elevator doors have two major types, manual and automatic. Manual doors are normally opened and closed manually by hand, and automatic doors are the standard type of doors found in modern days elevators, usually powered by a door operator.
Non-automatic/manual doors
These doors are normally opened or closed manually using hands, although some of them close automatically. Most older and small European elevators from the 1950's to 1970's are using manual hinged door (similar to normal room doors), while the inside has a manual sliding scissor gate or often there is no door at all. For manual doors, sometimes the door can be spring loaded so the gate can't be left open, or the gate can automatically close when you press the button, and partly/completely close when the elevator gets to a floor. The inside door can also be a tubular gate, which is a gate that in many cases folds around the side of the cab when it is open (often called a barred gate by elevator enthusiasts, though this is likely not the actual term), and which can be automatic or manual.
These type of door is still used today, normally for smaller wheelchair lifts or home elevators. Some older freight elevators may have a horizontal or vertical manual doors. In some Asian countries, one may find an old freight elevators with manual accordion or scissor gate. Some old elevators may have a semi-manual doors a configuration of manual door outside and an automatic door inside.
Automatic doors
Automatic doors are the standard type of doors found in modern days elevators which was introduced in 1887. Almost all the automatic doors are usually powered by a door operator installed on the elevator car. Those except manual door with automatic door opening/closing device and all the incline elevators with every independent door operator belongs with every single shaft doors and car doors.
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