According to the November 2 report of the Physicist Organization Network, it is known that atoms consist of atomic nuclei and extranuclear electrons. The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons; the electrons rotate around the nucleus. So, where does the nucleus come from? How are they formed? What kind of power is in control of their behavior? The new accelerator "SPIRAL2" unveiled on the 4th of November in Caen, France, is expected to answer these questions.
In 1911, scientists discovered the nucleus; about 20 years later, they discovered protons and neutrons. The size of the nucleus is only one ten-thousandth of the atom, but it contains 99% of the mass of the atom. Despite this, scientists still know very little about the nucleus. Now SPIRAL2, which costs 138 million euros, will be synthesized and studied for the so-called "bizarre" nuclei. These atomic nuclei are usually formed inside the star and have not yet been discovered on Earth.
Jean-Charles Thomas of the French National Academy of Sciences (CNRS) said: “We want to clarify how the basic units of these constituent substances are formed under the extremely hot environment inside the stars.â€
In order to create such particles, scientists will emit dense ion-atom (peeled part of the electrons) beam in a tunnel about 10 meters underground and 40 meters long. In an interview with AFP, Thomas said: "We will reproduce the situation inside the star in this laboratory."
After the ion beam hits the target surface, it will explode and split into subatomic particles including atomic nuclei, some of which are not present on Earth. The scientists hope that this experiment will help clarify why different nuclei have different proton/neutron ratios. It is this ratio that determines the charge of the atom and what chemical element it belongs to.
The team hopes that experiments will create a large number of exotic nuclei for experimentation. It is believed that there are about 8,000 exotic nuclei, and scientists have so far observed more than 2,900 species.
SPIRAL2 is expected to benefit cancer treatment and nuclear energy production. Project science coordinator Huff Savachos said: “We hope to create radioactive nuclei that can release very intense radiation that can be used to treat cancer. These superfine particles can be injected into cancer patients to reach the target tumor. After the release of radiation, it will not destroy healthy tissue."
In addition, this research can also help scientists design a safer, more environmentally friendly and efficient nuclear fission method. (Reporter Liu Xia)
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