Sensors and sensor networks are the bottom layer and the most basic link of the “Pyramid†of the Internet of Things, which has huge industrial potential. As an international metropolis, Beijing has an urgent market demand for sensor products in various fields such as public management and services, smart city construction, intelligent buildings, and smart homes.
Beijing sensor industry is in the incubation period. Sensor technology is a multi-disciplinary high-tech involved in physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, electronics, communications and network technology. Its industrial development has its own unique laws: First, " The foundation and application are attached to each Other ; the second is "two technologies and investments are intensive"; the third is "the dispersion of products and industries."
China's sensor companies have made breakthroughs and innovations in design, key processes, reliability, and product development to varying degrees. In particular, there have been significant advances in sensor and sensor manufacturing technologies, and 40 national standards and 15 industries have been formed. standard. However, on the whole, China has a relatively large technological gap compared with developed countries, and it is at the international level in the 1990s. Mainly in three aspects: First, high-end sensor is monopolized by foreign countries, low-end sensor-sensitive chip mainly depends on imports; Second, lack of a strong sensor industrialization common technology platform support, sensor-sensitive chip, packaging technology and test technology batch production Poor capacity; Third, the level of smart sensor technology, lack of standards and interoperability.
According to incomplete statistics, there are 151 enterprises including Jingyi, Times Optoelectronics, and Kunlun Coast in the areas related to sensors and the Internet of Things. Among them, there are 37 new sensor companies, two high-speed, high-precision displacement sensors and new digital display devices, and three biosensor companies, forming a relatively complete sensor industry chain such as sensor design, processing, assembly, and testing.
However, in terms of production and manufacturing, the number and scale of enterprises in Beijing lag behind the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta. In terms of scientific research, represented by the Institute of Aerospace 704, Institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tsinghua University, Peking University and other colleges, Beijing’s sensor technology R&D and scientific and technological achievements resources and human resources are the most abundant in the country.
From the perspective of market applications, Beijing has a good foundation for the application of Internet of Things (IoT). It has deployed relevant Internet of Things in key areas such as video surveillance, intelligent transportation, urban emergency management, and food traceability, in the 2008 Olympic Games and 2009 National Day. The 60th anniversary of Daqing achieved a number of successful demonstration applications.
Compared with developed countries, there is a big gap between the sensor industry in Beijing and the industry is still in the incubation period. High-end chips and core technologies used in many fields such as automobiles and urban construction still rely heavily on imports.
The sensor network industry expects that the mature business model sensor network system is a cross-cutting and integrated knowledge frontier and hot research field, and is receiving high attention from all parties. At present, China has led the internationalization of the development of sensor network standardization. It has initially formed the framework of the national sensor network standard system, has an independent autonomous networking technology, and is a leader in multi-network access technologies such as IPv6 and TD networks. , formed a related product.
Beijing boasts the nation's premier sensor network R&D superior resources such as Beiyou, and leads the country in the research and development of core technologies and standards. Beijing also has excellent companies such as Tongfang, Datang Telecom, and Weixin Amethyst, providing a strong industry support for the rapid development of the sensor network industry. At the same time, Beijing enterprises also actively participate in the formulation of sensor network technology standards, promote China to become one of the four leading countries in the international sensor network and the standardization of the Internet of Things, and the Secretariat of the National Sensor Network Standards Working Group is also located in Beijing. However, from the perspective of industrial development, the lack of mature business models is currently the core short board that restricts the development of the Beijing sensor network industry.
From public management to public demand From the perspective of the application requirements of the Internet of Things, IoT sensors and sensor networks are mainly used in three areas: public management, industry, and personal (mass) market. Among them, urban emergency (accidental disasters, natural disasters), social security, resource and environmental management, smart city management, intelligent transportation, and public health are the key market segments in the field of public management in the near term; industrial control, intelligent buildings, modern precision facility agriculture, Smart logistics and food traceability applications, smart grids (power saving) are the key market segments for recent industry applications, and the recent major market segments for personal (mass) applications mainly include smart communities and home applications.
The city emergency warning IoT system is an information processing system that connects all emergency information collection points (including security systems, traffic systems, weather systems, and public security systems) in the city, and forecasts warnings based on the knowledge base of experts, real-time through the network. Inform the city's emergency department to unify the public security, armed police, transportation and hospital departments to coordinate their actions. The sensor is mainly used in this field: harmful gas detection, image and identification, weather monitoring, and hazard monitoring.
Sensor requirements in other areas are analyzed as follows:
Social security: National large-scale events, events, etc. have special requirements for safety. Through the combination of RFID identification technology and Internet of Things technology, it provides security for the real-time control of the personnel's movements and activities.
Resource and Environment Management: Internationally developed countries have formulated corresponding environmental protection laws and regulations and strengthened control and monitoring of the environment. China is no exception. In the future, environmental protection sensors will focus on areas such as water quality monitoring, air pollution, and industrial emission monitoring.
Smart City Management: The application of sensors in this field is mainly through embedding in roads, bridges, railways, public facilities, and sensing, analysis and management of urban environments, facilities, utilities, urban services, citizens, and local industries. .
Intelligent Transportation: The main applications of sensors in intelligent transportation include urban traffic guidance, urban traffic information collection, intelligent monitoring and recording of highway vehicles (bayonet), automatic recording of red lights, fixed high-speed speed monitoring, and integrated control of traffic commands. Electronic charging, traffic safety and automatic driving, parking management, traffic information collection and processing systems are the main scenes for the recent application of sensor technology.
Public Health: Sensors in the public health sector focus on biological and chemical sensors for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, food fermentation and enzyme sensors.
Technology development needs Technology promotion and demand traction together determine the future development trend of sensor technology, mainly includes four aspects: First, the miniaturization, micro-and even nano-level micro-devices, while bringing about the reduction of power consumption; Second, integration It is the integrated manufacturing technology of sensors and ICs and the integrated manufacturing technology of multi-parameter sensors; the third is intelligence, that is, the further development on the basis of integration, which makes signal detection have certain intelligence; the fourth is networking.
Sensor network is an autonomous information system composed of many intelligent sensor nodes distributed in space. The nodes in the network use cooperative sensing and processing to monitor physical or environmental conditions (such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, sound, vibration, pressure, and movement) in different locations. Currently, the vendors that promote the development of the sensor network industry can be divided into three camps: ZigBee, Z-Wave, and Insteon. The largest industry camp is the ZigBee Alliance. Its ZigBee technology is mainly based on the IEEE802.15.4 technical specification. It has developed open and comprehensive products for various protocols such as link layer, network layer and application layer.
Since ZigBee technology maintains open standards, individual vendor's products only need to comply with the Zigbee communication protocol standards defined by the ZigBee Alliance, so that interoperability tests can be quickly completed, allowing manufacturers to develop versatile application products to meet residential, office building, and regional environments. In areas such as automation, control, and monitoring functions, WSN industry vendors have more vendors that support ZigBee technology. In the future, these three major wireless sensor technologies will remain the dominant standards for the sensor network industry for a period of time.
The overall plan for healthy development needs to be integrated, and the unified macro management and coordinated planning should be strengthened to provide policy guarantee for the continuous improvement of the industry. Through government guidance, rational distribution of industries, and formulation of relevant industrial policies, we will actively implement research results of industrial technology roadmaps, strengthen industry demonstrations, and focus on implementing 8 industrialization demonstration projects and 13 application demonstration projects (see Figure 1). The Internet of Things industry is healthy and sustainable.
Second, promote the construction of a common technology platform to provide support for large-scale industrialization. In response to the common technical problems faced by industrialization, build common technology platforms and industrialization test platforms. By supporting the construction of public technology platforms, we will support product development and testing, solve key technology R&D and transformation of scientific research achievements, and upgrade the overall industrialization level.
Third, through the “production, learning, research, and use†joint development of innovative products, improve the industrial chain and enhance industrial competitiveness. Actively support enterprises to break through the core technologies of the Internet of Things and develop innovative new products and equipment. Through various special operations such as technical research, application demonstration and industrialization, the industry chain and industrial system will be improved, and industrial upgrading will be promoted.
Fourth, vigorously support the formulation of international standards, national standards, and industry standards. Support enterprises to develop collaborative innovations in IoT technologies, and guide enterprises, industry alliances, or associations to participate in the formulation of international, domestic, and industrial standards for related technologies.
Beijing sensor industry is in the incubation period. Sensor technology is a multi-disciplinary high-tech involved in physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, electronics, communications and network technology. Its industrial development has its own unique laws: First, " The foundation and application are attached to each Other ; the second is "two technologies and investments are intensive"; the third is "the dispersion of products and industries."
China's sensor companies have made breakthroughs and innovations in design, key processes, reliability, and product development to varying degrees. In particular, there have been significant advances in sensor and sensor manufacturing technologies, and 40 national standards and 15 industries have been formed. standard. However, on the whole, China has a relatively large technological gap compared with developed countries, and it is at the international level in the 1990s. Mainly in three aspects: First, high-end sensor is monopolized by foreign countries, low-end sensor-sensitive chip mainly depends on imports; Second, lack of a strong sensor industrialization common technology platform support, sensor-sensitive chip, packaging technology and test technology batch production Poor capacity; Third, the level of smart sensor technology, lack of standards and interoperability.
According to incomplete statistics, there are 151 enterprises including Jingyi, Times Optoelectronics, and Kunlun Coast in the areas related to sensors and the Internet of Things. Among them, there are 37 new sensor companies, two high-speed, high-precision displacement sensors and new digital display devices, and three biosensor companies, forming a relatively complete sensor industry chain such as sensor design, processing, assembly, and testing.
However, in terms of production and manufacturing, the number and scale of enterprises in Beijing lag behind the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta. In terms of scientific research, represented by the Institute of Aerospace 704, Institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tsinghua University, Peking University and other colleges, Beijing’s sensor technology R&D and scientific and technological achievements resources and human resources are the most abundant in the country.
From the perspective of market applications, Beijing has a good foundation for the application of Internet of Things (IoT). It has deployed relevant Internet of Things in key areas such as video surveillance, intelligent transportation, urban emergency management, and food traceability, in the 2008 Olympic Games and 2009 National Day. The 60th anniversary of Daqing achieved a number of successful demonstration applications.
Compared with developed countries, there is a big gap between the sensor industry in Beijing and the industry is still in the incubation period. High-end chips and core technologies used in many fields such as automobiles and urban construction still rely heavily on imports.
The sensor network industry expects that the mature business model sensor network system is a cross-cutting and integrated knowledge frontier and hot research field, and is receiving high attention from all parties. At present, China has led the internationalization of the development of sensor network standardization. It has initially formed the framework of the national sensor network standard system, has an independent autonomous networking technology, and is a leader in multi-network access technologies such as IPv6 and TD networks. , formed a related product.
Beijing boasts the nation's premier sensor network R&D superior resources such as Beiyou, and leads the country in the research and development of core technologies and standards. Beijing also has excellent companies such as Tongfang, Datang Telecom, and Weixin Amethyst, providing a strong industry support for the rapid development of the sensor network industry. At the same time, Beijing enterprises also actively participate in the formulation of sensor network technology standards, promote China to become one of the four leading countries in the international sensor network and the standardization of the Internet of Things, and the Secretariat of the National Sensor Network Standards Working Group is also located in Beijing. However, from the perspective of industrial development, the lack of mature business models is currently the core short board that restricts the development of the Beijing sensor network industry.
From public management to public demand From the perspective of the application requirements of the Internet of Things, IoT sensors and sensor networks are mainly used in three areas: public management, industry, and personal (mass) market. Among them, urban emergency (accidental disasters, natural disasters), social security, resource and environmental management, smart city management, intelligent transportation, and public health are the key market segments in the field of public management in the near term; industrial control, intelligent buildings, modern precision facility agriculture, Smart logistics and food traceability applications, smart grids (power saving) are the key market segments for recent industry applications, and the recent major market segments for personal (mass) applications mainly include smart communities and home applications.
The city emergency warning IoT system is an information processing system that connects all emergency information collection points (including security systems, traffic systems, weather systems, and public security systems) in the city, and forecasts warnings based on the knowledge base of experts, real-time through the network. Inform the city's emergency department to unify the public security, armed police, transportation and hospital departments to coordinate their actions. The sensor is mainly used in this field: harmful gas detection, image and identification, weather monitoring, and hazard monitoring.
Sensor requirements in other areas are analyzed as follows:
Social security: National large-scale events, events, etc. have special requirements for safety. Through the combination of RFID identification technology and Internet of Things technology, it provides security for the real-time control of the personnel's movements and activities.
Resource and Environment Management: Internationally developed countries have formulated corresponding environmental protection laws and regulations and strengthened control and monitoring of the environment. China is no exception. In the future, environmental protection sensors will focus on areas such as water quality monitoring, air pollution, and industrial emission monitoring.
Smart City Management: The application of sensors in this field is mainly through embedding in roads, bridges, railways, public facilities, and sensing, analysis and management of urban environments, facilities, utilities, urban services, citizens, and local industries. .
Intelligent Transportation: The main applications of sensors in intelligent transportation include urban traffic guidance, urban traffic information collection, intelligent monitoring and recording of highway vehicles (bayonet), automatic recording of red lights, fixed high-speed speed monitoring, and integrated control of traffic commands. Electronic charging, traffic safety and automatic driving, parking management, traffic information collection and processing systems are the main scenes for the recent application of sensor technology.
Public Health: Sensors in the public health sector focus on biological and chemical sensors for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, food fermentation and enzyme sensors.
Technology development needs Technology promotion and demand traction together determine the future development trend of sensor technology, mainly includes four aspects: First, the miniaturization, micro-and even nano-level micro-devices, while bringing about the reduction of power consumption; Second, integration It is the integrated manufacturing technology of sensors and ICs and the integrated manufacturing technology of multi-parameter sensors; the third is intelligence, that is, the further development on the basis of integration, which makes signal detection have certain intelligence; the fourth is networking.
Sensor network is an autonomous information system composed of many intelligent sensor nodes distributed in space. The nodes in the network use cooperative sensing and processing to monitor physical or environmental conditions (such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, sound, vibration, pressure, and movement) in different locations. Currently, the vendors that promote the development of the sensor network industry can be divided into three camps: ZigBee, Z-Wave, and Insteon. The largest industry camp is the ZigBee Alliance. Its ZigBee technology is mainly based on the IEEE802.15.4 technical specification. It has developed open and comprehensive products for various protocols such as link layer, network layer and application layer.
Since ZigBee technology maintains open standards, individual vendor's products only need to comply with the Zigbee communication protocol standards defined by the ZigBee Alliance, so that interoperability tests can be quickly completed, allowing manufacturers to develop versatile application products to meet residential, office building, and regional environments. In areas such as automation, control, and monitoring functions, WSN industry vendors have more vendors that support ZigBee technology. In the future, these three major wireless sensor technologies will remain the dominant standards for the sensor network industry for a period of time.
The overall plan for healthy development needs to be integrated, and the unified macro management and coordinated planning should be strengthened to provide policy guarantee for the continuous improvement of the industry. Through government guidance, rational distribution of industries, and formulation of relevant industrial policies, we will actively implement research results of industrial technology roadmaps, strengthen industry demonstrations, and focus on implementing 8 industrialization demonstration projects and 13 application demonstration projects (see Figure 1). The Internet of Things industry is healthy and sustainable.
Second, promote the construction of a common technology platform to provide support for large-scale industrialization. In response to the common technical problems faced by industrialization, build common technology platforms and industrialization test platforms. By supporting the construction of public technology platforms, we will support product development and testing, solve key technology R&D and transformation of scientific research achievements, and upgrade the overall industrialization level.
Third, through the “production, learning, research, and use†joint development of innovative products, improve the industrial chain and enhance industrial competitiveness. Actively support enterprises to break through the core technologies of the Internet of Things and develop innovative new products and equipment. Through various special operations such as technical research, application demonstration and industrialization, the industry chain and industrial system will be improved, and industrial upgrading will be promoted.
Fourth, vigorously support the formulation of international standards, national standards, and industry standards. Support enterprises to develop collaborative innovations in IoT technologies, and guide enterprises, industry alliances, or associations to participate in the formulation of international, domestic, and industrial standards for related technologies.
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