Emergency handling measures for common dangerous chemical transport accidents

Dangerous goods transport accidents happen from time to time. If accidental emergency response methods are not properly handled, secondary accidents and associated accidents can easily occur, resulting in greater losses. Therefore, it is very important to master the basic methods for the emergency treatment of hazardous chemical transport accidents. Usually different hazardous chemicals and different accident categories must adopt different disposal methods.

1, flammable liquid

Extinguishing methods: The most effective way to extinguish a flammable liquid fire is to use foam, carbon dioxide, and dry powder fire extinguishers.

Leakage treatment: timely covering with sand or soft material, adsorbed, and then centralized to the empty safety office. When covering, pay attention to prevent liquid from flowing into sewers, rivers, etc. to prevent environmental pollution.

2, flammable solids, spontaneous combustion items and wet flammable items

Fire extinguishing method: According to the different nature of flammable solids, use water, sand, foam, carbon dioxide, dry powder fire extinguishing agent to extinguish, but it must be noted: flammable solids reacted with water should not be saved by water, such as aluminum powder, titanium powder and Other metals Use dry sand and dry powder fire extinguishers for extinguishing; use flammable solids with explosive hazards such as nitro compounds; disable sand cover; flammable solids that produce highly toxic gases in contact with water or acids, such as phosphorus compounds and nitro compounds. (Including nitrocellulose), nitrogen compounds, sulfur, etc., which produce toxic and irritating gases when burned. It is forbidden to use nitro-alkali and foam fire extinguishing agents to save. It is necessary to pay attention to wearing gas masks when fighting; red phosphorus will convert to yellow phosphorus at high temperatures. , Be a self-igniting item and handle it with caution.

When extinguishing a self-ignited item in a fire, it is necessary to pay attention: When such an item is extinguished, it is generally possible to use dry powder, sand (except for spontaneous combustion with a risk of explosion when dry) and carbon dioxide extinguishers to extinguish the fire. Items that react with water energy, such as triethylaluminum, aluminum-iron, etc., are prohibited from being used to extinguish water; yellow phosphorus is only extinguished after it is extinguished by water, and residual yellow phosphorus will ignite spontaneously after the water evaporates. Therefore, there should be close observation on the site. At the same time, wear protective clothing and a gas mask when fighting.

When extinguishing a wet flammable item, it should be noted that: When a fire occurs in such items, the unburned items should be quickly evacuated from the fire or effectively isolated from the combustion materials, and be used for sand and dry powder to fight; the substances that react with acids or oxidants, etc. The use of acid-base and foam fire extinguishing agents is prohibited; live metal prohibits the use of carbon dioxide fire extinguishers to fight fires, soda, salt, nitrogen or graphite powder are used to save; lithium fires can only be saved with graphite powder.

Leakage treatment: When the above three types of goods are spilled, they can be collected and packaged separately. The collected residue cannot be discharged or discarded. Leakage that reacts with water cannot be treated with water, but the cleaned site can be washed with plenty of water.

3, oxidants and organic peroxides

Extinguishing methods: Organic peroxides, metal peroxides can only be saved with sand, dry powder, and carbon dioxide extinguishing agents; gas masks should be worn when fighting.

Leakage treatment: In the process of loading and unloading, due to poor packaging or improper operation, when oxidants are spilled, they should be gently swept up and packed separately, but they must not be shipped in the same vehicle and must be left in a safe place. Residues should be cleaned

4. Toxins and infectious articles

Extinguishing method: extinguish the poisonous articles and infectious articles Fire should pay attention to: When a dangerous chemical fire occurs, no acid-alkali fire extinguisher can be used to save, and water and sand can be used to extinguish the fire; Fire extinguishing method. Try to stand upwind when you save and wear a gas mask.

Leakage treatment: solid poisonous goods and infectious articles can be loaded into the container after sweeping; liquid poisonous goods and infectious articles should be infiltrated with cotton, sawdust and other soft materials, collected after adsorption, and put into containers.

5. Explosives

Extinguishing method: Cool with water to achieve the purpose of fire extinguishing, but no asphyxiation or isolation method can be adopted. It is forbidden to cover burning explosives with sand, otherwise it will change from burning to explosion. When extinguishing a toxic explosive fire, the fire extinguisher should wear a gas mask.

Leakage treatment: Leakage of explosives should be promptly wetted with water, then sprinkled with loose items such as sawdust or cotton wool, and then be kept at a relatively high humidity, and be reported to the firefighters for disposal. Absolutely, it is not allowed to reconstruct the collected spills. Inside the package.

6, compressed gas and liquefied gas

Extinguishing method: Move the unfired gas cylinders to the safe place quickly. Use a large amount of spray mist to spray the gas cylinders. When the fire is low, use carbon dioxide, dry powder, foam and other fire extinguishers to save.

Leakage treatment: When gas leaks from gas cylinders during transportation, especially toxic gases, the gas cylinders should be quickly moved to a safe place, and corresponding protection should be made according to the nature of the gas. The person stands upwind and tightens the valve. Most toxic gases can be dissolved in water. In an emergency, you can use a towel soaked in clean water to cover your mouth and nose. If you cannot stop it, push the bottle into the water and notify the relevant authorities.

7. Corrosion products

Extinguishing method: In case of direct burning of inorganic corrosion products or organic corrosion products, a large amount of water can generally be used in addition to substances having the characteristics of reacting with water. However, it is advisable to use mist water. Do not use high-pressure water jets to directly spray objects so as not to splash the water droplets with corrosive chemicals to burn the fire extinguishing personnel.

Leakage treatment: liquid corrosion products use dry sand and dry soil to cover and absorb. After cleaning, wash with water again. Dilute acid or dilute alkali can be used to neutralize large spills. When neutralizing, prevent violent reactions. When water is used to scour the scene, it can only be washed slowly or sprayed with misty water to injure people with waterproof beads.