The United States to create a new solid-state lithium battery

Generally, "nano battery" refers to an electrode with a nano-scale process or a structure with a nano-scale structure. The size of the battery is not in nanometers. This time, the University of Maryland brought a "real" nano-solid lithium battery Although the area of ​​the new battery is about the size of a postage stamp, it is actually hidden inside and filled with millions of 3D microbatteries. It can be said that it has successfully manufactured the smallest battery pack in the world.

At first glance, each 3D microbattery is like a tall and round room with enough surface area to assemble the nanobattery layer, so the energy density and power density performance is quite good under the combination of thin layer and high surface area, Maryland The Department of Nanostructure Electric Energy Storage (NEES) of the University Energy Trends Research Center believes that 3D micro-batteries will help solid-state batteries to move from traditional planar thin films to 3D technology, which can store more energy and power density in the same area. higher.

Lithium ion batteries are mainly composed of positive electrode, negative electrode and electrolyte. Lithium ions migrate between the two electrodes through the electrolyte. If the contact area between the electrode and the electrolyte can be increased, the speed of ion movement will be accelerated and the speed of reaching the other end electrode will be shortened. The higher the battery energy density, the higher, which is why many scientists want to build 3D batteries.

However, it is not easy to manufacture 3D batteries. Battery scientists have been devoted to improving power density and energy density through 3D battery design for 10 years. However, no research and testing has hit the threshold of commercialization.

In order to further research out of the laboratory, NEES researchers first drilled holes in the silicon wafer that are thinner and deeper than spider silk, and then used atomic-layer deposition to heat the material of each part of the battery. The electrode, solid electrolyte and current collector (Current Collector) are layered on the substrate surface and holes in the form of a monoatomic film.

This method can ensure that every hole in the silicon wafer is covered, increasing the surface area of ​​the battery, and the thin battery layer can increase the power density. Keith Gregorczyk, an assistant research scientist at the University of Maryland, said the study shows that energy density and power density will increase as surface performance increases.

And a major advantage of this battery is that its electrolyte is solid, and it will not be loaded with flammable liquid electrolyte like traditional lithium-ion batteries. Lead researcher Gary Rubloff said that the technology process can be directly integrated into various devices like semiconductor chips Both health sensors and mobile phones can be used.

From mobile phones, 3C products to electric vehicles or large energy storage power plants, lithium ion batteries can be said to be ubiquitous and are the mainstream of today's energy storage technology. However, because of the safety concerns of electrolytes, this technology will help manufacturers Create a safe and lightweight battery. The current research has been published in "ACS NANO".

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